1.
Seroprevalence Of Ftoxoplasma Gondii Infection In Sheep And Goats
by Sher Hayat Khan | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Keeping in view the zoonotic importance of Toxoplasmosis the present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats using commercially available kit "Toxopalasmosis Latex" based on the principal of Latex agglutination. . For this purpose 100 blood samples (50 sheep & 50 goats) were collected randomly from slaughter house of Lahore and local sheep & goat forms, the serum was separated and analyzed for anti Toxoplasma antibodies. The animals were divided in three groups, Group I included animals below one year, Group II 1-4 years and Group III included animals aged 4 years and above. The overall 8% and 6% seroprevalence were recorded in sheep and goats respectively. Age titer relationship in sheep showed that Group III had (12.5%), Group 11(7.6 %) and Group I had no positive cases in sheep examined. In goats Group III had (10 %), Group II (5.7%) and no seropositive cases in Group I could be recorded. These results indicate that the infection was higher in older animal than young ones, Breed wise seroprevalence indicated that, Kchhi sheep 14.28%, Desi (non descript) 8.33% and no seropositive case in Lohi and Thali breeds was recorded. In goats Teddy breed had 11.11%, Desi (non descript) 5.55% while no seropositive case in Beetal goats could be recorded.
From the data analyzed it is concluded that although the seroprevalence of T gondii infection in sheep and goats is relatively low in this area as compared to the other parts of the world. Yet adequate management might be useful and essential to further minimize the infection in sheep and goats herds. Consequently, preventive measures could further reduce the exposure of toxoplasmosis in the human population.
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2.
Occurrence And Importance Of Enteric Protozoan Infections On Different Sheep Farms In District Swat
by Habib Ali | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of various enteric protozoan infections in sheep. A total of 225 fresh faecal samples were collected from different sheep farms in District Swat N.W.F.P. These animals belonged to three different age groups i.e. Group I (up to 6 months of age), Group II (7-12 months of age) and Group III (above 1 year of age). Faecal samples were processed for the detection of Eimeria spp. oocysts, Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts and other parasites by three different techniques. By Direct smear method, Sheather,s sugar flotation and zinc sulphate flotation technique. A total of faecal samples found positive for Eimeria oocysts 63 (28%), Giardia cysts 35 (15.55%), Cryptosporidium oocysts 16 (7.11%) and mixed parasitic infection 58 (25.77%). Data recorded for various protozoan infections indicated that prevalence rate in Group-I (Eimeria 37.33%, Giardia 22.66% and Cryptosporidium 12%) was higher than the Group-II (Eimeria 28%, Giardia 16% and Cryptosporidium 3%) and Group-III ( Eimeria 18.66%, Giardia 8% and Cryptosporidium 5.33%). Prevalence rate was also higher in diarrhoeic animals (Eimeria 35.71%, Giardia 23.80% and Cryptosporidium 16.66%) than the non diarrhoeic animals (Eimeria 26.22%, Giardia 13.66% and cryptosporidium 4.91%). A large number of faecal samples (25.77%) were found positive for various other parasitic infections. No significant difference was noted in males and females. Results of this study indicated wide spread prevalence of parasitic diseases in sheep population and mostly young animals were found to be infected by different protozoan parasites.
It can be concluded that enteric protozoan infections in sheep can be controlled through improved managemental practices, hygienic measures and avoidance of overcrowding the animals.
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3.
Helminthiasis In Children Upto Twelve Years Of Age And Their Effect On Different Blood Parameters
by Dr. Fareed Ahmad Afzal | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Tayyaba Ejaz.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Helminthic infections causing anemia are the major public health problems globally. Intestinal parasites are most prevalent in tropical countries. Tropical countries have mild climate and heavy rains which are breeding grounds for parasites.
The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of intestinal helminthic infections in two to twelve years old children at three different hospitals of lahore. For this purpose, a total of 250 stool samples were examined for the presence of various endoparasites. Stool samples were examined by direct smear and floatation techniques. Identification of eggs was made on the basis of morphological characteristics.
250 blood samples of the same children were also collected for the determination of haemoglobin level. Haemoglobin determination was done by haematology analyzer (Sysmex- model number KX-21). In this way association of parasitic infections with anemia was done.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was noted in children according to age and gender, among different hospitals of lahore and among children whose family members had received different levels of education. The present study has also dealt with the relationship between haemoglobin levels along with their means and standard deviation.
Out of the total 250 stool samples examined, it was found that 29 samples were infected with a prevalence of (11.6%). Out of these 29 samples, there were 13(44.82%) cases of Ascaris lumbricoides, 8(27.58%) cases of Hymenolepis nana, 6(20.68%) cases of Taenia saginata and 2(6.89%) cases of Hookworm. The level of haemoglobin in these children ranged from 3.7gm/dl to 9.8 gm/dl. This indicates that there is a relationship between helminthiasis and anemia.
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4.
Studies On Rats And Mice As A Reservoir Of Zoonotic Parasites
by Muhammad Sarfaraz Ahmad | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Muhammad Mustaq-ul-Hassan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: A total of 3600 rats and mice were examined for the prevalence of various zoonotic parasitic infections. Species of various parasites were identified. The order of ifection rate was as Hymenolepis nana (59.9%), Toxoplasma gondii in rats and mice 52.0%), Hymenolepis diminula (35.4%), Cryptosporidium parvum (16.5%), Taenia taenieformis (11.7%), Toxoplasma gondii in humans (11.3%), Capillaria hepatica 7.0%), Babesia spp. (2.3%), Trypanosomu spp. (2.3%) and Leishmania spp. (1.2%).
The highest (78.0%) month-wise prevalence of FL nana was found during August whereas the lowest (43.0%) during February. The highest (70.8%) season-wise prevalence was noted during summer followed by autumn (62.9%) then spring whiles the lowest (46.8%) during winter. Infection was higher in males (78.0%) than females 45.9%). Adult rats and mice were more commonly affected than younger. Infection was higher in rats (65.1%) than mice (16.3%).
The highest (48.0%) month-wise prevalence of H diminuta was found during August whereas the lowest (28.0%) during January. The highest (45.4%) season-wise prevalence was noted during summer followed by spring (35.1%) while the lowest (29.3%) during winter. Infection was higher in males (43.8%) than females (29.3%). Adult rats and mice were more commonly affected than younger. Infection was higher in rats (37.3%) than mice (20.2%).
The highest (23.0%) month-wise prevalence of C. parvum was found during July whereas the lowest (10.0%) during December. The highest (22.4%) season-wise valence was noted during summer followed by spring (16.9%) then autumn (15.3%) le the lowest (11.3%) during winter. Infection was higher in females (19.9%) than es (12.0%). Adult rats and mice were more commonly affected than younger, infection was higher in rats (17.7%) than mice (7.6%).
The highest (20.0%) month-wise prevalence of T raenieformis was found during y and August whereas the lowest (6.0%) during December. The highest (18.4%) son-wise prevalence was noted during summer followed by autumn (10.8%) then ring (10.6%) whereas lowest (7.0%) during winter. Infection was higher in females 15.6%) than males (6.5%). Adult rats and mice were more commonly infected than younger. Infection was higher in rats (12.4%) than mice (6.0%).
The highest (12.7%) month-wise prevalence of C. hepatica was found during August whereas the lowest (4.0%) during November. The highest (10.8%) season-wise prevalence was noted during summer followed by autumn (6.0%) then spring (6.2%) hues the lowest (4.9%) during winter. Infection was higher in females (8.4%) than males (5.0%). Adult rats and mice were more commonly affected than younger. Infection higher in rats (7.3%) than mice (4.6%).
The highest (9.0%) month-wise prevalence of Babesia spp. was found during August whereas infection was absent during January, February, March, April, November and December. The highest (5.0%) season-wise prevalence was noted during summer followed by autumn (4.2%) then spring (0.1%) and was absent during winter. The infection was higher in males (2.7%) than females (2.0%).The infection was present only in adult rats and mice and no case was recorded in younger. Higher infection was noted -n (2.3%) and than mice (2.4%).
The highest (7.3%) month-wise prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. was found August whereas it was absent during January, February, November and December. The highest (5.7%) season-wise prevalence was noted during summer by spring (2.2%) then autumn (1.2%) and it was absent during winter. The infection was higher in females (2.5%) than males (2.0%). Adult rats and mice were more commonly affected than younger. Higher infection was noted in rats (2.5%) than mice
The highest (4.7%) month-wise prevalence of Leishmania spp was found during y and August whereas infection was absent during January, February, March, April, October, November and December. The highest (3.4%) season-wise prevalence was during Summer followed by autumn (1.1%) then spring (0.1%) and infection was during winter. The infection was higher in females (1 .4%) than males (0.9%). The infection was found only in adult rats and mice and no positive case was recorded in 1younger. The infection was (1.2%) in rats and mice.
The role of meteorological data i.e temperature, humidity and rainfall was also studied. It was noted that there was a positive co-relation of high temperature and humidity with the prevalence of various parasitic infections. As the infection were maximum during summer when the temperature and humidity was favorable for high prevalence of parasitic burden.
This study will he helpful to disseminate information regarding zoonotic potential parasitic infections via media i.e. newspapers. magazine, electronic media (T.V, I.T, Radio) through seminars, meetings and conferences with professionals doctors, paramedical staff and livestock farmers.
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